Everything about Jos Sarney totally explained
José Ribamar Ferreira de Araújo Costa, (
pron. ), (born
April 24,
1930, in
Pinheiro,
Maranhão) is a Brazilian writer and politician. He served as president of
Brazil from
March 15,
1985 to
March 15,
1990.
He was the son of Sarney de Araújo Costa and Kiola Ferreira de Araújo Costa. In
1965 he legally adopted the name
José Sarney de Araújo Costa, usually shortened to
José Sarney (
pron. ), for electoral purposes, since he was known as "Zé do Sarney", as in "José, son of Sarney". His father was named Sarney because he was born on property owned by Sir Ney, an Englishman for whom his father (José Sarney's grandfather) worked.
Political biography
After the military coup that overthrew President
João Goulart in
1964, Sarney was a member of the
ARENA, the political party of the military government and was elected as governor of the state of
Maranhão in
1966, serving until
1971.
In
1979 ARENA changed its name to
PDS at which time Sarney became president of the party. In
1984, the military rule was under pressure due to popular protests to reinstall direct elections for president (
Diretas Já movement). PDS was divided, but launched
Paulo Maluf as its candidate for the presidency in indirect elections. Sarney disagreed with this decision and left PDS and to join the opposition.
Due to the complex transition to democracy in Brazil, Sarney became the vice-president of
Tancredo Neves, in the opposition ticket. Neves won the election of
January 15,
1985, but on the eve of taking the oath he became severely ill. Sarney assumed office as acting president until Neves died on
April 21, then he formally became the first civilian president in 21 years.
He had to face a lot of problems, like the enormous
foreign debt, rampant
inflation, corruption and to complete the transition to democracy. Sarney launched an economic plan to stabilize the economy, called "Plano Cruzado", successful at first, but the inflation became stronger than ever after a year. A new and democratic
constitution was promulgated in
1988, and in the following year the first direct elections since
1960 were held.
Sarney left the Presidency at the end of his term. He supported
Fernando Henrique Cardoso as presidential candidate in
1994 and
1998, and, surprisingly,
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, in
2002. Since he left the Presidency, he's been a senator, being the President of the
Senate of Brazil from
2003 to
2005.
As a writer, his best known novel is
Os Marimbondos de Fogo. With this novel, he got the chance to become one of the
Academia Brasileira de Letras members.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Jos Sarney'.
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